Different types of microphones

Microphones are an electronic device that turn sound waves into electronic waves so that we can record them and then listen to them later throw a speaker. 

Shotgun:
A shotgun mic is used for filming on set or location and is useful because it can be moved closer to the subject to record it more clearly, it also works as a sync, recording the sound and the footage at the same time. it can also be recorded separately, if you have a device to record it onto. But the down side to the mic is that it records whats in front of it of it, if you move it left or right the sound levels will completely change, you also wont be able to here something coming towards or further away from the camera because of this.       

On-board Mic:
An on-board mic is a basic microphone used to record sync sound, on some cameras they are small and can distort very easily, others are bigger and record in better quality and will be harder to distort the sound, unforchantly they all pick up wind and other sounds which will decrease the quality of the sound you do want. but this will create a grate base for post-production later making it easier to edit sound into the film later.

PZM:
The PZM or presser zone microphone is used to pickup sound waves/vibrations off a surface and convert them into sounds which are then converted into electrical signings which will then get converted into sound waves throw a speaker. They pick up sounds form all around at an equal level. The police used them when interviewing suspects. 

A lavaliere mic:
The lavaliere mic is a wireless mic used for news interviews or for when someone is walking around and you want to keep the volume the same without having the microphone in shot or having to move about. It's small and compact and normally attaches to a peace of clothing by a clip and is connected to a transmitter where it is converted into radio waves and revived by the recording device.

Zoom mic:
A zoom microphone is a bio-directional microphone, this means that you can have a care drive right to left and that is how it will sound when you play it back later, having most of the sound of the car come throw your right headphone to your left. A zoom mic also allows two extra microphone to be plugged in to the back of it and then record throw them.