History Of Animation

Animation is creating the illusion of movement between still images, and is used in video games, films and television.

Early attempts of animation can be found on the sides of caves, where the animals where drawn with multiple legs and in a position of movement, and one of the ideas is that the fire helped to create motion by casting shadows on to the wall.
In the 19th century they created devices that would exploit the Persistence of vision and the Phi Phenomenon in order to create movement in images (animation). Persistence of vision is the amount of time an image will stay in you retina, this was first noted by Peter Mark Roget in 1820.The Phi Phenomenon happens when we see to images close together, our brain makes a relation ship between then, this is because our brain is always trying to make sense from what we perceive.

In the 19th century they created the Flipbook, this device created animation by going from page to page fast, flipping through the pages. The way it worked was by having a drawing change slightly on each page until you got to the end. Flip books rely on persistence of vision to create it's animation and are the first linear senescence of images rather that circular which created a loop. The first known flipbook appeared in in 1968 when it was called Kineograph and was created by John Barnes Linnett. Today it is considered as a toy for children or a novelty item at can be a prize in Christmas crackers and box's of cereal.

Another devise created in the 19th century was called the Phenakistoscope. This device was created in 1831 by Joseph Plateau and was quite successful for two years. On one side it was just a black circle with slots in it, on the other it had images. For this devise to work you would have to be looking in a mirror to be able see the image move. 

When Zoetrope came out, it stole the spotlight because you did not need to look through a viewing mirror and more than one person could see it at a time which meant you could share the experience with other people, rather than watching it by your self. The Zoetrope is one of several animation toys, which were invented in the19th century, as people experimented with ways to make moving pictures. When you place a strip of drawings inside the Zoetrope's drum, spin it and look through the slots, you will see the images come to life. 

The Praxinoscope was created in 1877 by Charles Emile Raynaud and is the Zoetropes successor. It replaces the small narrow slots that you have to look through with a mirror in the middle reflecting the image on the outer circle. The images also appear more clearly than on the Zoetrope. In 1889 Raynaud improved his creation to be able to project the images, this version was called Theatre Opitique, this aloud of a larger viewing audience

Stop Motion Animation is one of the main ways to animate because it allows you to manipulate an object and to make it look as if it's moving by its self George Melles created stop motion, where you stop the camera from filming change something in the shot and then start again, he discover this when out filming, his camera jammed when filming and after he repaid it and started filing again he managed to turn a bus into a hearse. This was then developed by other film makers to create there own animations, to create what we call stop motion today.

Traditional animation is hand drawn, the way this is done is by drawing frame by frame to create the movement on paper, and then they are traced on to acetate sheets. This way of animating has become obsolescent now dew to are advances in technology, we now draw image on a computer using various software or you can take a photo of an image and edit it in to a sequence of moving images using different software.

CGI or Computer Generated imagery is in the field of computer graphics/ 3D computer graphics, which is used for special effects in games, films, art, television programs, commercials, simulations and printed media. 3D computer graphics software is used to make computer-generated imagery for films, Games Television etc.

3D animation is where the animation is manly done in CGI, but it is where the thing that you are filming is not flat on its back ground like Pac-Man but is an actual object like a biscuit tin

2D animation is where the image lays flat on its scene and has a minute difference in it spacing between it’s self and the background.
An example of good contemporary animation is “Zero” this was good because it show the cruelness of the world and how those that we don’t accept can create something amassing. This animation is 3D and has been translated in over 35 languages.
Tim Burton worked at Disney before he became a director, one of the animations he made while working there was called “Vincen”, this is about a dog that dies and how the chilled that owns him reanimates him and the how the people react around him. This was originally a short film and he has now recreated it in a feature length film




Images found at:
http://www.flickr.com/photos/lwr/7444805112/
http://intelligentheritage.wordpress.com/2011/09/22/the-praxinoscope/
http://vl203.wordpress.com/2010/11/05/zoetrope-or-wheel-of-the-devil/
http://www.pixelsumo.com/post/toshio-iwai-futuresonic
http://realtimearts.net/article/81/8711
http://farm9.staticflickr.com/8025/7444805112_62139294c9_z.jpg
https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFWDzlG4t8FfRkphz6f4mvwemd5wN11udKjZglmnCNsaVpf_o3hTCRSVkcaMwphU2KZtiU7Q8d5EX5v82bQUDuKf7ih-Wckkg751e8LlvlyBhI7pMqea8MJE3YvqGtlDRCHYZftKiXQHqV/s400/KokoFlipBook.jpg
http://sweetsweetlife.typepad.com/sweet_sweet_life/2010/02/im-sure-that-cave-paintings-are-not-on-your-list-of-fascinating-subjectsnor-were-they-on-mine-but-olivia-had-to-do-a-unit.html
https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjI5Wsj736hE6HfxlYJPfzh63Q2SLdemPD9BMssZaeH-uCFNeeG6s3v8uAuU6hXh-Iul5dm8zhzs0UQE3LRx3wbh-KqAeJ9Vi-TnrZE7FrFqWlFvkRRkfGJTimqmyI-4EPyuPhEmglntqmu/s400/Phenakistiscope8.jpg
Information used:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_animation
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